A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences (2008)
Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law A Baseline Survey (2007)
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection Discussion of New ICRP Recommendations, 4th Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 13-14 December 2007 (2009)
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection Second Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 28-29 July 2004 (2005)
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Third Asian Regional Conference - Tokyo) Third Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 5-6 July 2006 (2007)
Fifty Years of Radiological Protection The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review (2007)
Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants Fourth ISOE European Symposium, Lyon, France 24-26 March 2004 (2005)
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2004 (2006)
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2005) Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2005 (2007)
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006) Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2006 (2008)
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2007) Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2007 (2009)
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2008) Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2008 (2010)
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2003 Thirteenth Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2003 (2005)
Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants (2010)
Optimisation in Operational Radiological Protection A Report by the Working Group on Operational Radiological Protection of the Information System on Occupational Exposure (2005)
Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability (2007)
Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability 今日の世界における放射線防護： 持続可能性に向けて (2008)
Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science (2007)
Stakeholders and Radiological Protection: Lessons from Chernobyl 20 Years After (2006)
Strategy for Developing and Conducting Nuclear Emergency Exercises (2007)
Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007 (2009)
The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection (2009)
The Process of Regulatory Authorisation A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA) (2006)
The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス (2007)
Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants (2009)
This publication is also available in English as: -
Synopsis
In parallel to the work carried out by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to review the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has examined how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls “the process of regulatory authorisation”. It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. The CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process of regulatory authorisation.
Synopsis
Global demand for electricity continues to grow and numerous new nuclear power plants (NPPs) are being planned or constructed in NEA member countries. Most of these new NPPs will be of the third generation, and will be designed for as long as 80 years of operation. The successful design, construction and operation of these plants will depend broadly on appropriately implementing the lessons from experience accumulated to date.
This case study introduces a policy and technical framework that may be used when formulating technical assistance and guidance for senior managers of NPPs, designers, manufacturers, contractors and authorities responsible for regulating occupational radiation exposure. It is aimed in particular at assisting design and license assessments of new NPPs. Although not targeting the needs of countries introducing nuclear power for the first time, this case study can also provide valuable input on occupational radiological protection issues for the implementation of new nuclear energy programmes.
Synopsis
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of occupational radiological protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience.
At the end of 2008, the ISOE programme included 59 participating utilities in 26 countries (278 operating units and 32 shutdown units), as well as the regulatory authorities of 22 countries. The ISOE database, publications, annual symposia and ISOE Network website facilitate the exchange amongst participants of operational experience and lessons learnt in the optimisation of occupational radiological protection.
The Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises occupational exposure data trends and ISOE achievements made during 2008. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
Synopsis
The evolution of the system of radiological protection is of great interest to governments and regulatory authorities, in particular in Asia. In this context, the Japanese government hosted a series of NEA conferences on this subject. The 4th Asian Regional Conference, held in Tokyo in December 2007, included key discussions of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Russian views on the new International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations, and on their interpretation in the international Basic Safety Standards and national regulations. This report summarises the most significant aspects of these discussions, providing keen insight into governmental and regulatory approaches to radiological protection in Asia.
This publication is also available in French as: L'organisation du travail pour optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle dans les centrales nucléaires -
Synopsis
Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear power utilities and national regulatory authorities worldwide to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings for the radiological protection of workers at nuclear power plants. The ISOE objective is to improve occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants by exchanging relevant information, data and experience on methods to optimise occupational radiological protection.
This report on work management provides practical guidance on the application of work management principles as a contribution to the optimisation of occupational radiological protection. It recognises that while work management is no longer a new concept, continued efforts are needed to ensure that good performance, outcomes and trends are maintained in the face of current and future challenges. The focus of this report is therefore on presenting the key aspects of work management that should be considered by management and workers to save time, doses and money, supported by updated practical examples from within the ISOE community.
ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
Synopsis
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience.
The programme includes 71 participating utilities in 29 countries (334 operating units and 45 shutdown units), as well as the regulatory authorities of 25 countries. The ISOE database, annual symposia and ISOE Network website facilitate the exchange of operational experience and lessons learnt among participants.
The Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises occupational exposure data trends and ISOE achievements made during 2007. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
This publication is also available in French as: Rapport de synthèse sur la conférence du 50e anniversaire du CRPPH - Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH), 31 mai 2007
Synopsis
The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) celebrated its 50th anniversary in May 2007. Taking advantage of its half century of experience, the Committee took this occasion to look forward towards the next 50 years in order to identify the most significant emerging challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application. This report summarises the presentations and discussions of the high-level regulators and international radiological protection organisations’ leaders who attended, providing their views on how the radiological protection community can best move forward together to address emerging challenges.
This publication is also available in French as: La contribution de l'AEN à l'évolution du système international de protection radiologique -
Synopsis
Since the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a dialogue in 1999 on the evolution of the system of radiological protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has actively engaged in providing the ICRP with input and views. The Committee’s work on this subject has included eight expert group reports, seven international conferences, and four detailed review and comment assessments of draft ICRP recommendations. This report presents a chronological summary of the issues, views and concerns raised by the CRPPH as the ICRP issued various draft versions of its new recommendations (ICRP Publication 103, published in December 2007), and of the response by the ICRP as seen in its subsequent draft recommendations. The interest of this summary report is that it will not only assist readers in understanding the main themes and concepts of the new ICRP recommendations, but also why and how the changes from the previous ICRP Publication 60 recommendations came about.
Synopsis
放射線防護の科学とその適用は、放射線の身体への影響がはじめて発見された20世紀当初以降、持続的に発展してきている。過去10～15年にわたって、これらの発展を受け、そして科学的価値やその判断の最近の発展を考慮して、CRPPHは、持続的な決定に達するための新たなアプローチを必要とする継続的な挑戦と同様に、今後現れる可能性のある挑戦に注目する価値があることを感じている。
このレポートは、既に現れているか、あるいは今後現れるかもしれない放射線防護政策、規制とその適用に対するもっとも重要な挑戦へのCRPPHの考えを簡潔に記述したものである。これらの問題に対する解決策が計画されるまで、このレポートは、科学、社会や経験の発展を考慮し、政府がこれらの挑戦に対してよりよい先見をもち、必要に応じて、それらの準備が可能となるように、重要な考えや課題を述べるであろう。
The science and application of radiological protection have continually evolved since the beginning of the 20th century when the health effects of radiation first began to be discovered. Given these changes, notably over the past 10 to 15 years, and considering the recent evolution of social values and judgements, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) felt that it would be worthwhile to identify possible emerging challenges as well as ongoing challenges that will require new approaches to reach sustainable decisions.
This report concisely describes the CRPPH views of the most significant challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application that are likely to emerge or are already emerging. While not proposing solutions to these issues, the report characterises key aspects and pressures, taking into account the evolution of science, society and experience, such that governments can better foresee these challenges and be prepared to address them appropriately.
This publication is also available in French as: Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des recommandations de la CIPR - Synthèse des trois conférences de l'AEN/CIPR
Synopsis
Since its inception the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been involved in the assessment and implementation of the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The development of new general ICRP recommendations, to replace those of the 1990 ICRP Publication 60, was thus of great interest to the NEA and its member countries. As a result, the NEA initiated a process of interaction and dialogue with the ICRP to ensure that the views and concerns of NEA member countries could be voiced and appropriately addressed in the new ICRP recommendations. The new ICRP recommendations were approved by the ICRP Main Commission in March 2007, by which point the NEA had sponsored 7 international conferences and produced 13 publications on the subject.
This report is the summary of the three international dialogue conferences (held in Tokyo, 5-6 July 2006, Washington, DC, 28-29 August 2006, and Prague, 24-25 October 2006) that were organised to provide the ICRP with feedback regarding the June 2006 draft of its new recommendations. It includes a presentation of the key points of the draft recommendations, a summary of the suggestions made during the three conferences, and an assessment of the significant evolution that has been seen in the ICRP’s presentation of its draft recommendations over the course of the conference series.
French blurb
Synopsis
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. A total of 71 utilities in 29 countries participate in the programme as well as the regulatory authorities of 25 countries. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 401 operating commercial nuclear power plants (representing about 91% of the world's total operating commercial reactors), as well as 80 units undergoing decommissioning.
The Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2006 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
This publication is also available in French as: Enseignements tirés du troisième Exercice international d'urgence nucléaire (INEX 3) sur la gestion des conséquences -
Synopsis
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has offered its member countries a forum for improving efficiency and effectiveness in nuclear emergency management, focusing in particular on the international aspects of emergency preparedness and response. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series.
The INEX 3 consequence management exercise series was developed by the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters in response to its members’ desire to better prepare for the longer-term response following a nuclear or radiological emergency. INEX 3 was designed and conducted to allow participants to investigate the national and international arrangements for responding to widespread radiological contamination of the environment and the consequence management issues likely to be raised in the medium to long term following such an event. The main areas addressed included agriculture and food countermeasures, decisions on countermeasures such as travel, trade or tourism, recovery management and public information. The exercise series, conducted in 2005-2006, was followed by an evaluation workshop aimed at allowing participants to share their national experiences with INEX 3, compare approaches, analyse the implications on decision making and identify key needs in longer-term consequence management.
This report summarises the development of the INEX 3 exercise, the major evaluation outcomes of the national exercises, and the key policy-level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities arising from the exercise and workshop.
Synopsis
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has actively participated in discussions with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) regarding the development of new recommendations that will replace those in ICRP Publication 60, which has long served as the international standard in this field. Part of this development process has involved the organisation of seven international workshops, including the First and Second Asian Regional Conferences on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection which took place in Tokyo, Japan in October 2002 and July 2004. The Third Asian Regional Conference was held on 5-6 July 2006, also in Tokyo.
The main objective of these conferences was to ensure that the views and concerns of relevant Asian stakeholders, such as regulatory authorities, industry, professional societies and NGOs, could be expressed and discussed with the ICRP. The three conferences provided the ICRP with specific views on how new recommendations could best be developed to address regulatory and implementation needs in the Asian context. These proceedings summarise the results and key discussions of the Third Asian Regional Conference.
This publication is also available in French as: Une stratégie pour la conception et la réalisation des exercices d'urgence nucléaire -
Synopsis
Emergency situations demand that actions be taken by the responsible organisations at the local, national and international levels to mitigate their impact on people and the environment. In order to be able to deliver an effective emergency response in both the short and long term, it is necessary to make and maintain adequate plans and arrangements. Prudence dictates that these be prepared in advance of an emergency situation, contain appropriate elements for preparedness, response and assistance, and take adequate account of international interfaces. The successful management of an emergency, along with the effectiveness of the response arrangements, will be facilitated through the use of well-planned tests and exercises.
Drawing on the collective experience of the OECD/NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters and its International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, this report aims to assist national and international emergency authorities in developing their own exercise-specific strategy by providing insights on exercise justification, design, conduct and evaluation. The focus is on providing an understanding, basis and strategy for the decision to exercise rather than detailed guidance on how to exercise.
Exercising is one tool for enhancing performance, testing plans and identifying areas for improvement; however, it is an important and resource-intensive tool. Therefore, the objective of this report is to provide a summary of strategic considerations for improving the value of planning, conducting and evaluating exercises and following up on lessons identified. This strategy may also find applicability in developing approaches for other types of non-nuclear emergency exercises.
French blurb
This publication is also available in French as: -
Synopsis
Scientific knowledge is constantly evolving as more advanced technologies become available and more in-depth research is carried out. Given the potential implications that new findings could have on policy decisions, in 1998 the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) performed a survey of state-of-the-art research in radiological protection science. This study suggested that, while the current system of radiological protection was well-underpinned by scientific understanding, growing knowledge in several areas could seriously impact policy and regulation. Ten years later, the CRPPH has again performed a survey of state-of-the-art research which reiterates and clarifies its earlier conclusions.
This report summarises the results of this latest CRPPH assessment of radiological protection science. Specifically, it explains that knowledge of non-targeted and delayed effects, as well as of individual sensitivity, have been significantly refined over the past ten years. Although at this point there is still no scientific certainty in these areas, based on the most recent studies and results, the report strongly suggests that policy makers and regulatory authorities should consider possible impacts that could arise from research in the next few years. Further, the report identifies research areas that should be supported to more definitively answer scientific questions having the most direct impacts on policy choices.
This publication is also available in French as: La radioprotection aujourd'hui et la voie du développement durable -
Synopsis
The science and application of radiological protection have continually evolved since the beginning of the 20th century when the health effects of radiation first began to be discovered. Given these changes, notably over the past 10 to 15 years, and considering the recent evolution of social values and judgements, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) felt that it would be worthwhile to identify possible emerging challenges as well as ongoing challenges that will require new approaches to reach sustainable decisions.
This report concisely describes the CRPPH views of the most significant challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application that are likely to emerge or are already emerging. While not proposing solutions to these issues, the report characterises key aspects and pressures, taking into account the evolution of science, society and experience, such that governments can better foresee these challenges and be prepared to address them appropriately.
This publication is also available in French as: Cinquante ans de radioprotection - Rapport commémoratif du 50ème anniversaire du CRPPH
Synopsis
On 21 March 1957, the Steering Committee for Nuclear Energy of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation established the Working Party on Public Health and Safety. From this early date onwards, radiological protection formed a central part of the work of what was to become the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.
Now, 50 years later, the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has commissioned this historical review of half a century of work and accomplishments. Over this period, the key topics in radiological protection have been identified, debated and addressed by the CRPPH. This report brings this history to life, presenting the major questions in the context of their time, and of the personalities who worked to address them. The developments and views of the past condition how we are able to assess and manage radiological risks today, as well as how we may adjust to challenges that will or could emerge in the coming years. This heritage is thus an important element for the CRPPH to consider as it looks forward to its next 50 years of accomplishments.
Synopsis
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 480 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).
The Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2005 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
This publication is also available in French as: Le droit de la protection radiologique de l'environnement - Etat des lieux
Synopsis
This publication describes a study of international, European and national legislation which protect the environment from radiation. Countries covered include Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The analysis of the legislation draws conclusions about how well the environment is protected from radiation, and identifies strengths and weaknesses of current approaches as well as trends in regulation. The book will be useful reading for regulators and policy makers in radiological protection, but also for those interested in environmental regulation more generally.
This publication is also available in French as: Société civile et radioprotection : les enseignements de Tchernobyl, 20 ans après -
Synopsis
Twenty years after the major accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the radioactive contamination continues to have an important impact on lives in the vicinity, and to a lesser extent in areas such as Western Europe and beyond. The purpose of this report is not to address clinical or environmental studies, but to look at how people are coping with the difficulties they still face. Commissioned by the Committee for Radiation Protection and Public Health of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the report focuses on the role of radiological protection and how this discipline has been deployed to help people manage their lives.
Although the topic of this report concerns radioactivity and nuclear power, it can also be very useful to policy makers and experts dealing with the aftermath of wide-scale disasters, regardless of their causes (natural, accidental or malicious).
Whilst we all hope never to see another event causing contamination on the scale that followed Chernobyl, it is prudent to be prepared. Hence this report also describes many of the problems that could need to be faced in the longer term by technical specialists, should such a contamination event occur, and presents ways of dealing with them. This report will provide readers with insights into how to plan better for this type of event, in particular beyond the immediate response phase.
Synopsis
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 478 operating and shutdown commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).
The Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2004 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
This publication is also available in French as: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire - Rapport du Groupe d'experts du CRPPH sur l'application réglementaire de l'autorisation (EGRA)
Synopsis
Governments and regulatory authorities are responsible for the definition of regulatory controls or conditions, if any, that should be applied to radioactive sources or radiation exposure situations in order to protect the public, workers and the environment. Although countries use different policy and structural approaches fo fulfil this responsibility, the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are generally used as at least part of the basis for protection. Previously, the ICRP recommended the use of variable approaches to protection. New ICRP recommendations are proposing a single, conceptually simple and self-coherent approach to defining appropriate protection under all circumstances.
While the ICRP has been reviewing the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been focusing its efforts on how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls "the process of regulatory authorisation". It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. In developing this concept, the CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process.
Synopsis
One of the main challenges facing radiological protection experts is how to integrate radiological protection within modern concepts of and approaches to risk governance. It is within this context that the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) decided to develop new general recommendations to replace its Publication 60 recommendations of 1990. In the process of developing these new recommendations, the views of the ICRP have evolved significantly, largely due to stakeholder involvement that has been actively solicited by the ICRP. In this regard, it was upheld during the First Asian Regional Conference organised by the NEA in October 2002 that the implementation of the new system must allow for regional, societal and cultural differences.
In order to ensure appropriate consideration of these differences, the NEA organised the Second Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection. Held in Tokyo on 28-29 July 2004, the conference included presentations by the ICRP Chair as well as by radiological experts from Australia, China, Japan and Korea. Within their specific cultural and socio-political milieu, Asia-Pacific and western ways of thought on how to improve the current system of radiological protection were presented and discussed. These ways of thinking, along with a summary of the conference results, are described in these proceedings.
Synopsis
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has become a unique, worldwide programme on the protection of workers at nuclear power plants. It includes a vast network for exchanging experience in the area of occupational exposure management as well as the world's largest database on occupational exposure from nuclear power plants.
Each year, an ISOE international symposium offers a forum for radiation protection professionals from the nuclear industry, operating organisations and regulatory authorities to exchange information on practical experience with occupational radiation exposure issues in nuclear power plants. These proceedings summarise the presentations made at the Fourth ISOE European Symposium on Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants, held in March 2004 in Lyon, France.
Synopsis
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE Programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 465 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the Programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).
The Thirteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2003 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
Synopsis
Operational approaches to the optimisation of radiological protection continue to evolve at nuclear power plants. The continual improvement of protection has been greatly facilitated by the exchange of good practice and experience through the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE).
With the forthcoming revision of the system of radiological protection, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Proctection (ICRP), the ISOE programme considered that it would be important and useful to document good operational practice to ensure that it is reflected appropriately in the new ICRP recommendations. This report is a compilation of practical examples of good practice in optimisation. It is intended to assist nuclear power plants in providing the most appropriate protection for the public and workers, and to highlight for the ICRP concepts that should be reflected in its new recommendations.
This publication is also available in English as: Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiation Protection at Nuclear Power Plants -
Synopsis
Depuis 1992, le Système d’information sur les expositions professionnelles [Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE)] a mis en place un forum pour les professionnels de la radioprotection des installations électronucléaires et les autorités de réglementation nationales du monde entier pour discuter, promouvoir et coordonner des opérations coopératives internationales en faveur de la radioprotection des travailleurs dans les centrales nucléaires. L’objectif d’ISOE est d’améliorer la gestion des expositions professionnelles dans les centrales nucléaires à travers l’échange de données, d’informations et d’expériences pertinentes sur les méthodes permettant d’optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle.
Ce rapport sur l’organisation du travail constitue un guide pratique sur l’application des principes d’organisation du travail dans le cadre de l’optimisation de la radioprotection professionnelle. Il reconnaît que, bien que l’organisation du travail ne soit pas un concept nouveau, des efforts continus sont nécessaires pour maintenir un bon niveau de résultats, de performances et de tendances face aux défis actuels et futurs. Le but de ce rapport est donc de présenter les aspects essentiels de l’organisation du travail qui doivent être pris en compte par les personnels d’encadrement et d’exécution pour réduire les doses d’exposition ainsi que le temps et les coûts. Il s’appuie sur des exemples pratiques issus de la communauté ISOE.
ISOE est coparrainé par l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) et l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA).
Réseau ISOE : www.isoe-network.net
This publication is also available in English as: Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference - Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007
Synopsis
Le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l’AEN a célébré son 50e anniversaire en mai 2007. Mettant à profit l’expérience accumulée en un demi-siècle, le Comité a saisi cette occasion pour déterminer quels seront, dans les 50 prochaines années, les grands enjeux de la politique et de la réglementation en matière de radioprotection et de leur application. Ce rapport résume les contributions et les analyses des responsables de haut niveau des autorités de sûreté et des organisations internationales de radioprotection qui ont participé à l’événement et ont donné leurs points de vue sur la meilleure façon dont les spécialistes de radioprotection peuvent ensemble relever ces nouveaux défis.
This publication is also available in English as: The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection -
Synopsis
Depuis que la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) a lancé en 1999 une réflexion collective sur le système de protection radiologique, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l’AEN y a activement contribué par la communication de ses observations et ses points de vue. Les travaux du Comité dans ce domaine ont fait l'objet de huit rapports de groupes d'experts, de sept conférences internationales et de quatre revues critiques approfondies des différentes versions des futures recommandations de la CIPR. Le présent rapport récapitule par ordre chronologique les sujets, points de vue et motifs de préoccupation évoqués par le CRPPH à mesure que la CIPR élaborait les différents projets de ses nouvelles recommandations (parues en décembre 2007 en tant que Publication 103 de la CIPR), ainsi que les réactions de la Commission telles qu'elles transparaissaient des versions qui se suivaient. Cette synthèse présente l'intérêt non seulement d'aider le lecteur à comprendre les thématiques et concepts propres aux nouvelles recommandations, mais aussi pourquoi et comment ont vu le jour les modifications faites aux précédentes recommandations de la Publication 60.
This publication is also available in English as: A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations - Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences
Synopsis
Depuis sa création, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) participe à l'examen et à l'application des recommandations de la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR). L'élaboration de nouvelles recom-mandations générales de la CIPR pour remplacer la Publication 60 de la CIPR de 1990, intéressait donc au plus haut point l'AEN et ses pays membres, et c'est pourquoi l'Agence a mis en place une démarche de concertation et de dialogue avec la CIPR afin de s'assurer que les points de vues et préoccupations de ses pays membres puissent s'exprimer et soient pris en compte dans ces nouvelles recommandations. La Commission principale de la CIPR a approuvé les nouvelles recommandations au mois de mars 2007. À cette date l'AEN avait organisé 7 conférences internationales et rédigé 13 publications sur le sujet.
Le présent rapport fait la synthèse des trois conférences internationales (Tokyo, 5 et 6 juillet 2006, Washington, DC, 28 et 29 août 2006 et Prague, 24 et 25 octobre 2006) organisées afin de communiquer à la CIPR des commentaires sur son projet de recommandations de juin 2006. Le lecteur y trouvera une présentation des grandes lignes du projet de recommandations, un résumé des suggestions faites au cours des trois conférences ainsi qu'une description de l'évolution significative de la façon dont la CIPR a présenté son projet de recommandations au fil des conférences.
This publication is also available in English as: Strategy for Developing and Conducting Nuclear Emergency Exercises -
Synopsis
Les organisations responsables aux niveaux local, national et international doivent prendre les mesures nécessaires pour limiter les conséquences des situations de crise sur les populations et l'environnement. Pour pouvoir intervenir de manière efficace à court terme et à long terme, il convient d'établir des plans et de prendre des dispositions adaptées. La prudence dicte de les préparer d'avance et d'y intégrer tout ce qui permettra d'être prêt, d'intervenir et d'assurer les secours sans oublier la dimension internationale. Des tests et exercices bien préparés augmenteront les chances de gérer correctement la situation de crise ainsi que l'efficacité des dispositifs pris pour les interventions.
Fondé sur l'expérience collective du Groupe de travail sur les urgences nucléaires de l'OCDE/AEN et de la série d’Exercices internationaux d’urgence nucléaire (INEX) qu'il organise, cet ouvrage est destiné aux autorités nationales et internationales chargées de la gestion de crise qui trouveront dans les indications concernant la justification, la conception, la conduite et l'évaluation de ces exercices une aide pour concevoir leur propre stratégie d'exercices. L'ouvrage met l'accent sur la réflexion, les raisons et la stratégie qui doivent présider à la décision d'organiser des exercices plutôt que de donner des recommandations détaillées sur la façon de les mener.
L'exercice est un moyen de se perfectionner, de tester les plans et d'identifier les améliorations à apporter. C'est aussi un outil important qui exige beaucoup de moyens. C'est pourquoi cet ouvrage se veut une synthèse de considérations stratégiques pour tirer le meilleur parti de la planification, de la conduite et de l'évaluation des exercices ainsi que des enseignements tirés. Cette stratégie pourrait aussi être exploitée pour concevoir des démarches applicables à d'autres types d'exercices d’urgence en dehors du secteur nucléaire.
This publication is also available in English as: Experience from the Third International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX 3) on Consequence Management -
Synopsis
Depuis le début des années 1990, l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) offre à ses pays membres un forum consacré à l'amélioration de l'efficience et l'efficacité de la gestion des urgences nucléaires, où les aspects internationaux de la préparation et des interventions occupent une place importante. La préparation et la réalisation des exercices de la série INEX (Exercices internationaux d’urgence nucléaire) sont au cœur de cette démarche.
Le Groupe de travail de l’AEN sur les urgences nucléaires a mis au point la série INEX 3 d'exercices de gestion des conséquences pour répondre à la demande des membres qui souhaitent mieux se préparer à la gestion à plus long terme des suites d’un accident nucléaire ou d’une situation d'urgence radiologique. Ces exercices ont été conçus et menés de manière à permettre aux participants d'analyser les dispositions prises aux niveaux national et international pour intervenir lors d'une vaste contamination radiologique de l'environnement ainsi que les questions liées à la gestion des conséquences qui devraient se poser à moyen et à long terme après ce type d'incident. Les domaines approfondis recouvrent les contre-mesures agricoles et alimentaires, les décisions relatives à ces contre-mesures concernant notamment les déplacements, le commerce ou le tourisme, la gestion du retour à la normale et l'information du public. La série d'exercices menés en 2005 et 2006 s'est conclue par un atelier d'évaluation où les participants ont pu partager leurs expériences nationales d'INEX 3, comparer leurs approches, analyser les implications sur le processus de prise de décision et identifier les principaux besoins pour la gestion à plus long terme des conséquences.
Ce rapport récapitule le développement des exercices INEX 3, les principaux résultats des évaluations des exercices nationaux et les conclusions essentielles de l'exercice et de l'atelier concernant la politique à suivre. Il contient également des recommandations et décrit les activités à entreprendre pour compléter ce travail.
This publication is also available in English as: Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability -
Synopsis
La science et la pratique de la radioprotection n'ont cessé d'évoluer depuis que l'on a commencé à prendre conscience des effets des rayonnements sur la santé au début du 20e siècle. Au vu des changements, notamment au cours des 10 à 15 dernières années, ainsi que de l'évolution récente des valeurs et jugements sociaux, le Comité de l’AEN de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) a jugé utile d’identifier d'éventuels futurs défis ainsi que des problèmes actuels qui appelleront de nouvelles approches pour parvenir à des décisions durables.
Ce rapport décrit de façon concise les principaux défis, selon le CRPPH, pour la politique, la réglementation et l'application de la radioprotection que l'on voit poindre aujourd'hui ou qui se dessinent à l'horizon. Sans proposer de solution à ces questions, il expose les principaux aspects et pressions, tenant en compte l'évolution de la science et de la société et l'accumulation d'expérience, afin que les pouvoirs publics puissent être mieux à même de prévoir ces défis et préparés à bien les affronter.
This publication is also available in English as: Fifty Years of Radiological Protection - The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review
Synopsis
Le 21 mars 1957, le Comité de direction de l’énergie nucléaire de l’Organisation européenne de coopération économique créait le groupe de travail sur la santé publique et la sécurité. Depuis cette époque lointaine, la protection radiologique est au cœur de l’activité de ce qui allait devenir l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire.
Cinquante ans plus tard, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) a commandé cette chronique d’un demi-siècle de travaux et de réalisations. Tout au long de cette période, il a identifié, débattu et traité les grands thèmes liés à la radioprotection. Ce rapport fait revivre cette histoire en resituant les grandes questions dans le contexte de leur époque et en mettant en scène les personnalités qui ont eu à les traiter. Ce sont les évolutions et les considérations passées qui conditionnent notre aptitude à évaluer et gérer les risques radiologiques d’aujourd’hui ainsi qu’à faire face aux défis attendus ou probables de demain. Le CRPPH se doit donc d’accorder toute son importance à cet héritage dans la perspective de cinquante nouvelles années d’activité.
This publication is also available in English as: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law - A Baseline Survey
Synopsis
Cette publication présente les résultats d’une étude de la législation internationale, européenne et nationale destinée à assurer la protection de l'environnement contre les rayonnements ionisants. Les législations nationales concernées comprennent celles de l’Australie, du Canada, des États-Unis, de la France, du Japon et du Royaume-Uni. L’étude a permis d'évaluer la qualité de la protection radiologique de l'environnement, d'identifier les points forts et les faiblesses des méthodes actuelles et de dégager les tendances de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux autorités de radioprotection et aux responsables des politiques dans ce domaine ainsi qu'à ceux qui s'intéressent d'une manière générale à la réglementation environnementale.
This publication is also available in English as: Stakeholders and Radiation Protection: Lessons from Chernobyl 20 Years After -
Synopsis
Vingt ans après la catastrophe qui s'est produite à la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl, la contamination radioactive continue d'avoir des répercussions importantes sur la vie des habitants de la région et, dans une moindre mesure, dans d'autres endroits tels que l'Europe occidentale et au-delà. Ce rapport ne cherche pas à analyser les effets cliniques ou environnementaux, mais la manière dont les populations surmontent les difficultés auxquelles elles sont encore confrontées aujourd'hui. Réalisé à la demande du Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN), il examine principalement le rôle de la radioprotection et comment les spécialistes de cette discipline aident les populations à gérer leur quotidien.
Bien que ce rapport ait pour sujet la radioactivité et l'énergie nucléaire, il peut se révéler extrêmement utile aux décideurs et experts confrontés aux conséquences de désastres majeurs, quelles qu'en soient les causes (phénomènes naturels, accidents ou actes de malveillance).
Même si nous espérons tous ne jamais avoir à faire face à nouveau à un événement qui a engendré une aussi vaste contamination que Tchernobyl, il est prudent de s'y préparer. C'est pourquoi, ce rapport décrit également les nombreux problèmes auxquels risquent d'être confrontés à terme les spécialistes en présence d'une contamination de ce type et suggère des solutions. Il permettra aux lecteurs de comprendre comment mieux se préparer à réagir à ce type d'événement, en particulier après la phase d'intervention d'urgence.
This publication is also available in English as: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation - A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA)
Synopsis
Les pouvoirs publics et les autorités réglementaires sont chargés de définir les contrôles ou conditions réglementaires à imposer, le cas échéant, aux sources et situations d'exposition aux rayonnements pour protéger le public, les travailleurs et l'environnement. Si les politiiques et démarches suivies pour s'acquitter de cette tâche varient suivant les pays, en général les recommandations de la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) servent à définir au moins partiellement les fondements de la protection. Jusqu'à présent, la CIPR recommandait des méthodes variables de protection. Les nouvelles recommandations de la CIPR proposent une méthode unique, simple et cohérente pour définir le niveau de protection appropriée en toutes circonstances.
Tandis que la CIPR passait en revue les grands principes de la protection, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'AEN faisait porter sa réflexion sur la façon dont on pouvait améliorer la mise en œuvre de la protection radiologique par les pouvoirs publics ou les autorités réglementaires. À cette fin, le CRPPH a mis au point un concept, « le processus d'autorisation réglementaire », que l'on trouvera décrit de façon détaillée dans ce rapport. Ce processus devrait aider les autorités réglementaires à appliquer les recommandations générales de la CIPR de façon plus transparente, cohérente et simple dans leur travail concret de réglementation et de mise en œuvre de la protection radiologique. Dans cette démarche, le CRPPH reconnaît l'importance d'un niveau approprié de concertation des parties prenantes.
Synopsis
放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題
科学的知見は、更に進化したテクノロジーが利用可能になるよう常に発展しており、より綿密な研究が実施されている。政策を決定し得る新たな研究成果である将来的な意味合い内容が提示され、1998年、NEAの放射線防護公共保健委員会（CRPPH）では放射線防護科学分野において最先端の研究調査を実施した。この調査は、放射線防護の現システムが科学的理解に支えられていることを示唆しており、様々な分野における知見の増大は、政策、規制に多大なインパクトを与える。10年後においても、CRPPHは再度、最先端の研究調査を繰り返し行い続け、先の結論を明確にする。
このレポートは放射線防護科学の最新のCRPPHアセスメントの結論を要約している。特に、個別機微な、標的とされていない知見、遅れた影響が、過去10年間に多大な改善をされ続けてきたことを説明している。それらは、まだこれらの分野である種非科学的であるにも関わらず、多くの最近の研究や調査を基に、レポートでは政策決定者や規制権者はこれから数年の研究から得られるであろう可能なインパクトを考えるべきだと堅調に示している。更に、レポートは政策選択においてより直接的インパクトを持つ科学的疑問に対し、より決定的な回答をするためにサポートされるべき研究分野を扱っている。
Synopsis
法令にみる環境放射線防護
この出版物は国際、ヨーロッパ、そして国内の環境放射線防護に関する法律に係る調査について記述している。これにはオーストラリア、カナダ、フランス、日本、英国、そしてアメリカ合衆国の国々が網羅される。この法律に関する調査は、より良い環境を放射線からどのように保護できるかに触れており、現在のアプローチの強弱と併せ、規制における動向をどのように定義付けるかを扱っている。この本は、放射線防護分野の規制者、政策決定者だけでなく、環境規制に関心のある、より一般的な方への有用なものとなるであろう。