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List of acronymsA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Internal and external links are provided where appropriate.
AAFCN:
Agence fédérale de contrôle nucléaire (Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, Belgium) ALARA: As low as reasonably achievable. Making every reasonable effort to minimise exposure to ionising radiation as far below regulatory or legal dose limits with economic and social considerations taken into account. ANDRA: Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management, France) ANSTO: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation APAT:
L'Agenzia per la protezione dell'ambiente e per i servizi tecnici (Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services, Italy) ASN: Autorité de sûreté nucléaire (Nuclear Safety Authority, France) AUDR: Soviet All-Union Dose Registry AVN: Association vinçotte nucléaire (Belgium) BBMU: Das Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany) BSC: 1963 Brussels Convention Supplementary to the Paris Convention, as amended. BSS: Basic Safety Standards. BWR: Boiling water reactor. A very common type of light water reactor in use worldwide. Ordinary water, used as both coolant and moderator, is allowed to boil in the reactor core. The steam produced is then used to directly generate electricity. CCANDU: Canadian deuterium uranium reactor. This type of reactor uses "heavy" water, i.e. deuterium oxide, as the coolant and moderator. The use of heavy water permits the use of natural uranium as the reactor fuel eliminating the need for enrichment of the uranium. CCF: Common-cause failure CEA: Commissariat à l'énergie nucléaire (Atomic Energy Commission, France) CERN: Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire (European Organisation for Nuclear Research, originally the Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire) CINDA:
Computer Index of Nuclear Data. Online database. CNRA: NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities CNRS: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research, France). CNSC: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSNS: Comisión Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias (National Commission on Nuclear Safety and Safeguards, Mexico). COMPSIS: Computer-based Systems Important to Safety. NEA joint project. CPPC: Contracting Parties to the 1960 Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, as amended. CPD:
International Co-operative Programme for the Exchange of Scientific and Technical Information Concerning Nuclear Installation Decommissioning Projects. NEA joint project. CRPPH: NEA Committee on Radiation
Protection and Public Health CSC: 1997 Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage CSN: Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (Nuclear Safety Council, Spain) CSO: Civil Society Organisation CSS: Commission on Safety Standards (IAEA) CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations DDCH: Direct containment heating DCEG: Decommissioning Cost Estimation Group DICE: Database for the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. NEA database. DIDELSYS: Task Group on Defence in Depth of Electrical Systems and Grid Interaction DNA: Desoxyribonucleic acid DOE: Department of Energy (USA) EEAF: European Activation Files (part of the JEFF data library project) EC: European Commission ECCS: Emergency core cooling system EFF: European Fusion Files (part of the JEFF data library project) EGCO: NEA Expert Group on the CRPPH Collective Opinion EGOE: NEA Expert Group on Occupational Exposure EGIR: NEA Expert Group on the Implications of ICRP Recommendations EGIS: NEA Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science EGRA: NEA Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation EGSS: NEA Expert Group on Radiological Protection Science at the Service of Stakeholders ENENA: European Nuclear Education Network Association ENSDF:
Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File Database. Online database. EPA: Environmental Protection Agency (USA) EPR: 1) European pressurised water reactor
(Europe) 2) Evolutionary power reactor (USA) EU: European Union EVA:
Evaluated Nuclear Data Retrievals. NEA online database. EXFOR:
Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Retrievals. Online database. FFAO: United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organisation FNPP: NDC Ad hoc Expert Group on the Financing of Nuclear Power Plants FSC: NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence GGAMA: NEA Working Group on Accident Management and Analysis GEOTRAP: NEA Expert Group on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic Media GFR: Gas-cooled fast reactor GIF: Generation IV International Forum. The NEA serves as the Technical Secretariat for the GIF. GNEP: Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (USA) GSF: Forschungszentrum für Umwelt
und Gesundheit (National Research Center for Environment and Health, Germany) HHAEA: Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority HLW: High-level waste. Radioactive waste is normally classified into a small number of categories to facilitate regulation of handling, storage and disposal based on the concentration of radioactive material it contains and the time for which it remains radioactive. The definitions of categories differ from country to country. However, in general, HLW contains long-lived radionuclides with high activity, which may also produce heat. It typically is concentrated as part of the process of reprocessing and solidified using vitrification to produce a glass-like substance suitable for interim storage and ultimately, disposal. Spent nuclear fuel that will not be reprocessed is included in this category. Geological disposal is foreseen for this type of waste. NEA press kit on radioactive waste management: www.nea.fr/html/general/press/press-kits/radioactive-waste.html. HPRL: High Priority Nuclear Data Request List. NEA online database. HSK: Hauptabteilung für die Sicherheit
der Kernanlagen (Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate, Switzerland) HSE: Health and Safety Executive (United Kingdom) IIAEA: International Atomic Energy
Agency IAGE: NEA Working Group on the Integrity of Components and Structures IARC: International Agency for
Research on Cancer ICDE:
International Common-cause Data Exchange. NEA joint project. ICSBEP: International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project ICRP: International Commission
on Radiological Protection IEA: International Energy Agency IFE: Institutt for energiteknikk (Institute for Energy Technology, Norway).
Responsible for operations of the OECD Halden Reactor Project. ILW: Intermediate-level waste. Radioactive waste is normally classified into a small number of categories to facilitate regulation of handling, storage and disposal based on the concentration of radioactive material it contains and the time for which it remains radioactive. The definitions of categories differ from country to country. However, in general, ILW needs specific shielding during handling and, depending on the specific content of long-lived radionuclides, it may need geological disposal or it may be suitable for surface or near-surface disposal. NEA press kit INES: International Nuclear Event Scale INEX: International Nuclear Emergency Exercises
Programme INLEX: International Expert Group on Nuclear Liability (IAEA) INPRO: International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles INRA: International Nuclear Regulators Association INSAG: International Nuclear Safety Advisory
Group IPAG: NEA Expert Group on Integrated Performance Assessment IPHECA: International Programme
on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident IRSN: Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety Institute, France) IRPA: International Radiation Protection Association ISNL: International School of Nuclear Law ISOE:
Information System on Occupational Exposure. NEA joint project. JJAEA: Japan Atomic Energy Agency JEFF: Joint evaluated fission and fusion project KKAERI: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute KINS: Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety LLFR: Lead-cooled fast reactor LLW: Low-level waste. Radioactive waste is normally classified into a small number of categories to facilitate regulation of handling, storage and disposal based on the concentration of radioactive material it contains and the time for which it remains radioactive. The definitions of categories differ from country to country. However, in general, LLW is a type of waste that does not need significant shielding for handling and, because of the absence of long-lived radionuclides, is suitable for surface or near-surface disposal. About 90% of the radioactive waste volume produced in the world each year is LLW. NEA press kit on radioactive waste management: www.nea.fr/html/general/press/press-kits/radioactive-waste.html. LWR: Light water reactor. A nuclear reactor type that is cooled and/or moderated by ordinary water, as opposed to heavy water. MMCCI:
Melt Coolability and Concrete Interaction. NEA joint project. MDEP: Multinational Design Evaluation Programme. The NEA is serving as the Technical Secretariat for Stage II of the MDEP. NEA press release: www.nea.fr/html/general/press/2006/2006-05.html METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan) MOST: Ministry of Science and Technology (Korea) MOX: Mixed-oxide fuel. A fuel for nuclear power plants that consists of a mixture of depleted uranium oxide and plutonium oxide. MNEPR: Multilateral Nuclear Environmental Programme in the Russian Federation MSR: Molten salt reactor MW: Megawatt. The international unit of power that is equal to 1x106 watts. A megawatt electric (MWe) refers to the electrical output from a generator. A megawatt thermal (MWth) refers to the heat output from a nuclear reactor. The difference is a measure of the efficiency of the power generation process. Typically, the heat output of a nuclear reactor is three times its electrical output, thus a reactor with a thermal output of 2 700 MW may produce about 900 MW of electricity. NNAGRA:
Nationale Genossenschaft für die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfälle / Société coopérative nationale pour le stockage des déchets radioactifs (National Co-operative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Switzerland). NAZ: Nationale Alarmzentrale (Centrale nationale d'alarme/National Emergency Operations Centre, Switzerland) NCRP: National Committee
on Radiation Protection (USA) NDC: NEA Nuclear Development Committee NEA: OECD Nuclear Energy Agency NGO: Non-governmental organisation NLC: NEA Nuclear Law Committee NRC: Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USA) NRDC: Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres NRPA: Statens strålevern (Radiation Protection Authority, Norway) NSC: NEA Nuclear Science Committee NSD: Nuclear Safety Directorate (United Kingdom) NSG: Nuclear Suppliers Group.
The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a group of nuclear supplier countries, 46 as of October 2006, which
work together to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. These countries pursue the aims of the
NSG through adherence to consensus guidelines concerning nuclear and nuclear-related exports and
through the exchange of information. NSR:
Nuclear Science References Database. Online database. NSSG:
G8 Nuclear Safety and Security Group NUDAT:
Nuclear Data Database. Online database. NUSSC: Nuclear Safety Standards Committee (IAEA) OOCRWM: Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (USA) OECD: Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development ONDRAF/NIRAS: Organisme national des déchets radioactifs et des matières fissiles enrichies/Nationale Einrichtung für radioactive Abfäille und angericherte Spaltmaterialien (Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile materials). OPDE:
OECD Piping Failure Data Exchange. NEA joint project. PP&T: Partitioning and transmutation. Partitioning is the separation of undesirable long-lived radioactive elements such as minor actinides (e.g. americium-243) and fission products from spent fuel. Transmutation is the transformation of these undesirable elements into short-lived or stable elements using nuclear reactions. Together these processes would, at least partially, eliminate those parts of high-level waste that contribute most to its heat generation and long-lived radioactivity. P&T therefore has the potential to reduce the time that waste needs to be kept isolated from several thousand to several hundreds of years. NEA work on P&T: www.nea.fr/html/pt/ PC: 1960 Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, as amended. PCMI: Pellet-clad mechanical interaction. PRISME: Propagation d'un incendie pour des scénarios multi-locaux élémentaires (Fire propagation in elementary multi-room scenarios). NEA joint project. PRWG: Peer Review Working Group of the G8-EU PSA: Probabilistic safety assessment. A PSA is a type of safety analysis that uses probabilistic risk assessment techniques during both the design and operation of a nuclear power plant to analyse the overall risk. Considering an entire set of potential events with their respective probabilities and consequences, the overall risk of a nuclear incident or accident can be assessed. For a power plant this risk is given in terms of a core melt frequency or the frequency of a large radioactive release. For existing power plants a value below about 1 x 10-4 per year for a core damage probability is generally accepted, while new designs should be even less than 1 x 10-5 per year. The current practice is that the computed results are generally viewed as targets rather than absolute values that would serve for regulatory acceptance or refusal. PSI: Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland) PWR: Pressurised water reactor. A nuclear reactor maintained under a high pressure to keep its coolant water from boiling at the high operating temperature. The heat generated by the reactor is transferred from the core to a large heat exchanger that heats water in a secondary circuit to produce the steam needed to generate electricity. RRAR: Reasonably assured resources. Uranium that occurs in known mineral deposits of delineated size, grade and configuration such that the quantities which could be recovered within the given production cost ranges with currently proven mining and processing technology can be specified. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and on knowledge of deposit characteristics. NEA work on uranium: www.nea.fr/html/ndd/uranium/welcome.html. RBMK: Soviet-designed graphite-moderated pressure tube type reactor. An NEA assessment of this reactor design in the context of the Chernobyl accident: www.nea.fr/html/html/rp/chernobyl/c01.html. RNMDR: Russian National Medical Dosimetry Registry RWMAC: Radioactive Waste Management Advisory Committee (United Kingdom) RWMC: NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee SSAFIR: 1) Belgian safety assessment and feasibility interim reports on the deep underground disposal of radioactive waste. The SAFIR-1 report assesed R&D programmes carried out between 1974 and 1988 on the possible disposal of radioactive waste in the Boom clay layer found in Belgium. The SAFIR-2 report assessed the work carried out in the years 1990-2000. The NEA participated in an international peer review of the SAFIR-2 report available at www.nea.fr/html/rwm/reports/2003/nea4431-safir2.pdf (pdf, 350 kb). 2) Finnish national research programme on the safety of nuclear power plants (Safety of nuclear power plants - Finnish national research programme). SCK•CEN:
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d'étude de l'énergie nucléaire (Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium) SCWR: Supercritical-water-cooled reactor SDR: Special Drawing Right SETH:
SESAR Thermal-hydraulics. NEA joint project. SFR: Sodium-cooled fast reactor SKI: Statens kärnkraftinspektion (Nuclear Power Inspectorate, Sweden) SM2A: Task Group on Safety
Margin Applications and Assessment SNF: Spent nuclear fuel. Fuel that has been irradiated in and then permanently removed from a nuclear reactor. SOS: NDC Ad hoc Expert Group on Nuclear Energy and Security of Supply SR: Speculative resources. Uranium that is thought to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable using existing exploration techniques. The location of deposits envisaged in this category could generally be specified only as being somewhere within a given region or geological trend. As the term implies, the existence and size of such resources are speculative. NEA work on uranium: www.nea.fr/html/ndd/uranium/welcome.html. SSI: Statens strålskyddsinstitut (Radiation Protection Authority, Sweden) STUK: Säteilyturvakeskus (Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland) SUJB:
Státní úrad pro jadernou bezpecnost (State Office for Nuclear Safety, Czech Republic) TTAEK: Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (Atomic Energy Authority, Turkey) TAREF: Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experiment Facilities TDB: Thermochemical Database Project. NEA joint project. TRANSSC: Transport Safety Standards Committee (IAEA) UUKAEA: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority UNSCEAR: United Nations Scientific Committee
on the Effects of Atomic Radiation VVC: 1963 Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage VHTR: Very-high-temperature reactor. VVER: Russian-designed pressurised water reactor (also sometimes referred to as WWER) WWASSC: Waste Safety Standards Committee (IAEA) WGFCS: NEA Working Group on Fuel Cycle Safety WGFSM: NEA Working Group on Fuel Safety Margins WGHOF: NEA Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors WGIP: NEA Working Group on Inspection Practices WGOE: NEA Working Group on Operating Experience WGPC: NEA Working Group on Public Communication of Nuclear Regulatory Organisations WGRISK: NEA Working Group on Risk Assessment WGRNR: Working Group on the Regulation of New Reactors WHO: World Health Organisation WIPP: Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (USA) WNU: World Nuclear University WPDD: NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling WPEC: NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation WPFC: NEA Working Party on Scientific Issues of the Fuel Cycle WPNE: NEA Working Party on Nuclear Energy Economics WPNEM: NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters WPNCS: NEA Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety WPRS: NEA Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems WWER: Russian-designed pressurised water reactor (also sometimes referred to as VVER) Last addition to this page: 14 May 2009 |
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